You probably heard the claim that the mRNA vaccine drugs have a 94% or 95% efficacy. This is a public relations trick based on "vaccine efficacy" or "Relative Risk Reduction" (RRR) meant to deceive the public. The Absolute Risk Reduction (ARR) from these drugs can be calculated or easily seen in The Lancet publication ( https://www.thelancet.com/action/showPdf?pii=S2666-5247(21)00069-0 ):
Moderna: 1.2%
Pfizer: 0.84%
J & J: 1.2%
AstraZeneca: 1.3%
That doesn't sound as impressive, that's why public relations firms/media don't use it. But even the FDA recommends using the Absolute Risk Reduction in
1) An Evidence Based User Guide: https://www.fda.gov/files/about fda/published/Communicating-Risk-and-Benefits---An-Evidence-Based-User's-Guide-(Printer-Friendly).pdf (Page 60: "Provide absolute risks, not just relative risks. Patients are unduly influenced when risk information is presented using a relative risk approach; this can result in suboptimal decisions. Thus, an absolute risk format should be used."); and
2) in a proposed policy change for dissemination of information to the media and the public: https://www.fda.gov/media/117573/download Page 3: "Firms presenting quantitative efficacy or risk probabilities in DTC promotional materials should convey the information in terms of absolute frequencies ... or percentages." An excellent interview of Dr. Ron Brown explaining the difference between Absolute Risk Reduction (ARR) and Relative Risk Reduction (RRR) can be found here:
https://youtu.be/Jkwn5I8tLmE
but the picture for his explaination does not show up well on the video, so you can look at the picture while watching the video interview by going to his paper on the subject and scrolling down a tiny bit: https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/57/3/199
ARR for some treatments:
Hydroxychloroquine 21%
Ivermectin 5%
Povidone-iodine 24%
Zinc and Vitamin C 23%
Source: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971221003453
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